Chain of Custody: Why Evidence Mishandling Can Tank a Case
By Trinity Barnette
In the realm of criminal justice, evidence is paramount. But it’s not just about what the evidence is—it’s about how it’s handled. The concept of “chain of custody” ensures that every piece of evidence is accounted for from the moment it’s collected to its presentation in court. A single misstep in this chain can unravel an entire case, leading to wrongful convictions or letting the guilty walk free.
What Is Chain of Custody?
Chain of custody refers to the documented and unbroken transfer of evidence from the crime scene to the courtroom. This process includes:
Collection: Properly gathering evidence with detailed documentation.
Transfer: Recording every individual who handles the evidence.
Storage: Securing evidence in a controlled environment to prevent tampering.
Presentation: Demonstrating in court that the evidence has remained untampered and authentic.
Each step must be meticulously recorded to maintain the integrity of the evidence.
Why Chain of Custody Matters
An unbroken chain of custody is crucial because:
Authenticity: It verifies that the evidence presented is the same as what was collected.
Integrity: It ensures the evidence hasn’t been altered, contaminated, or tampered with.
Admissibility: Courts may exclude evidence if the chain of custody is compromised, which can significantly impact the outcome of a trial.
Real-World Cases Highlighting Chain of Custody Failures
Several high-profile cases underscore the importance of maintaining a proper chain of custody:
OJ Simpson Trial: The mishandling of blood evidence, including improper storage and potential contamination, raised significant doubts about the prosecution’s case .
JonBenét Ramsey Case: Investigators failed to secure the crime scene adequately, leading to contamination and loss of crucial evidence .
David Camm Case: Allegations of evidence tampering and mishandling, including the improper collection and storage of forensic evidence, contributed to multiple trials and appeals .
Orange County Sheriff’s Department Scandal: Charges were dropped in 67 criminal cases due to evidence mishandling, highlighting systemic issues within the department .
Common Breaks in the Chain
Breakdowns in the chain of custody can occur due to:
Improper Documentation: Failing to log who handled the evidence and when.
Inadequate Storage: Storing evidence in unsecured or inappropriate conditions.
Unauthorized Access: Allowing individuals without proper clearance to handle evidence.
Contamination: Exposure to elements that can alter the evidence’s state.
These lapses can lead to evidence being deemed inadmissible in court.
Legal Implications of a Broken Chain
When the chain of custody is compromised:
Evidence Suppression: Courts may exclude the evidence, weakening the prosecution’s case.
Appeals and Retrials: Convictions can be overturned, leading to retrials and prolonged legal battles.
Erosion of Public Trust: Mishandling evidence undermines confidence in the justice system.
Maintaining a strict chain of custody is not just procedural—it’s foundational to upholding justice.
Conclusion: Ensuring Justice Through Vigilance
The chain of custody is more than a bureaucratic requirement; it’s a safeguard against injustice. Every link in the chain represents a commitment to truth and fairness. When this chain is broken, the consequences ripple beyond the courtroom, affecting lives and eroding trust in the legal system. Vigilance in evidence handling is not optional—it’s essential.
